Lafer 1989. Catopidae, Leiodidae Silphidae. Ler, P.A.[Ed]. Opredelitel nasekomykh Dalnevo Vostoka SSSR. Volume 3. Zhestkokrylye, ili zhukii. [Keys to the identification of insects of the Russian Far East. Coleoptera or beetles. Part 1.], Nauka, Leningrad, 1989: 66-257. Chapter pagination: 310-344